A penalty is scored about 79% of the time. A shot from outside the box goes in about 4% of the time. A header from a corner, a one-on-one, a tight-angle scramble — every shot in football has its own chance of becoming a goal, and a century of shot data lets us estimate it.
Expected goals (xG) is nothing more mysterious than that sum. If a team's shots in a match carried chances worth 0.79 + 0.41 + 0.09 + 0.04, its xG is 1.33 — the goals that chance quality would typically produce.
xG measures the quality of the chances — not the result, and not a prediction. A team can create 2.5 xG and lose; a team can create 0.5 xG and win. Over one match that gap is normal. What xG tells you is what the chances were worth.
The metric was first defined in ice hockey: analyst Alan Ryder's 2004 paper "Shot Quality" opens with the line "not all shots on goal are created equal." Football's first public model arrived in 2012, built at Opta by Sam Green. It took until August 2017 for xG to reach Match of the Day — thirteen years from a paper to prime time. Today it is the shared language of modern football analysis.
Every Broovo read is built on xG: a team's underlying strength (chances created versus conceded), its current form, and — the read our users see most — the gap between what a team scores and what its chances are worth. We show what the numbers support, plainly. We never turn it into a prediction, and we never tell you what to do with it.
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